If you’re learning Irish and want to start forming natural, fluid sentences, then understanding Irish pronouns is a must. Pronouns are the glue of everyday speech — you’ll use them constantly without even thinking about it. But Irish has a few twists that make its pronoun system unique (and honestly, kind of fun to learn once you get into the rhythm).
This guide will walk you through the essential pronouns in Irish — including personal, possessive, and prepositional forms — with practical examples and a beginner-friendly approach.
Why Pronouns Matter in Irish
Imagine trying to speak without saying “I”, “you”, or “they.” It gets tricky fast. Pronouns help us keep sentences short, fluid, and natural. Irish uses pronouns in familiar ways, but also adds some flavor — especially when it comes to prepositions and possession.
Don’t worry, though. Once you learn the basic forms and see how they work in sentences, it all starts to click.
1. Personal Pronouns in Irish
Let’s start with the basics — these are your go-to words for “I”, “you”, “he”, “we”, and so on.
Irish | English |
---|---|
mé | I |
tú | you (singular) |
sé | he |
sí | she |
muid / sinn | we |
sibh | you (plural) |
siad | they |
🧠 Tip: Muid and sinn both mean “we” — muid is more commonly used in speech, while sinn pops up in certain fixed phrases or more formal contexts.
Example Sentences:
- Is mise Seán. – I am Seán.
- Tá tú anseo. – You are here.
- Chonaic siad an scannán. – They saw the film.
2. Possessive Pronouns: Talking About What’s Yours
Irish possessive pronouns show ownership — my, your, his, her, etc. But instead of standalone words, they’re attached to the noun they modify.
Here’s a handy chart:
Irish | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
mo | my | mo leabhar – my book |
do | your (sing.) | do chara – your friend |
a (sé) | his | a dheirfiúr – his sister |
a (sí) | her | a máthair – her mother |
ár | our | ár dteach – our house |
bhur | your (pl.) | bhur madra – your (plural) dog |
a (siad) | their | a gcarr – their car |
A Few Grammar Notes:
- Possessive pronouns affect the spelling of the next word — often triggering lenition (adding “h”) or eclipsis (adding a prefix).
- For example:
- mo chat (my cat) → “c” becomes “ch”
- a gcairde (their friends) → “c” gets eclipsed with “g”
This is where Irish gets a little spicy — but it’s also where you’ll start to appreciate how beautifully structured the language is.
3. Prepositional Pronouns: The Irish Special
This is where Irish grammar takes a turn from English. When you combine a preposition with a pronoun, Irish doesn’t use two words — it fuses them together into a single prepositional pronoun.
Let’s take le (with), ar (on), and ag (at/have) as examples.
Person | le (with) | ar (on) | ag (at) |
---|---|---|---|
mé | liom | orm | agam |
tú | leat | ort | agat |
sé | leis | air | aige |
sí | léi | uirthi | aici |
muid | linn | orainn | againn |
sibh | libh | oraibh | agaibh |
siad | leo | orthu | acu |
Example Phrases:
- Tá brón orm. – I’m sorry. (Literally: “Sadness is on me.”)
- Tá peann agam. – I have a pen.
- Bhí sí ag caint liom. – She was talking with me.
Want more like this? Check out our full Irish pronunciation guide to help you speak these phrases with confidence.
The Best Way to Learn Irish Pronouns
You don’t need to memorize everything in one go. Here’s how most learners make it stick:
✅ Use them in daily practice.
Try describing your day in Irish using mé, tú, or siad — even simple things like:
- D’éirigh mé go luath.
- Chuaigh siad ag siúl.
✅ Speak aloud — even to yourself.
Say a few phrases each morning: Tá ocras orm, Tá grá agam duit, etc.
✅ Use flashcards or quizzes.
Our Irish flashcards make it super easy to drill these forms during short study breaks.
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Explore More from Gaeilgeoir AI
Once you’ve got the pronouns down, why not level up even further?
- 🎓 Irish Language Lessons for Beginners
- 🗣️ How to Speak Irish: A Beginner’s Guide
- 💬 Essential Gaelic Phrases You Should Know
Bonus Read
Curious how AI is transforming language education? Have a look at this article from EDUCAUSE on how technology is reshaping how we learn.
Final Thoughts
Irish pronouns might seem tricky at first — especially those prepositional ones — but with a little practice, they become second nature. Start with the basics, focus on one type at a time, and use them in context whenever you can.
And don’t forget — you don’t have to go it alone.
👉 Try Gaeilgeoir AI’s free 3-day trial and let the language grow on you — one sentence at a time.
Ádh mór ort! (Good luck!)